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This is a challenging process as they have to adapt to the presence of large packs of wolves -particularly at the Croatian site. "We see progress not only in looks and behavior but also in de-domestication of the animals," Goderie said. Using protected land in Croatia, Spain, Portugal, the Czech Republic, and Romania, Goderie's cross-breeds could test themselves in the wild, and in many cases they rose to the challenge. Now in its fourth generation, the article explains, pilot schemes across Europe are offering encouragement. The ecologist had predicted that seven generations would be necessary for the desired outcome, which might be achieved by 2025. "You could see from the first generation that apart from the horn size, there was enough wild in the breed to produce animals far closer to the auroch than we would have expected," Goderie said in the article. The team has the advantage of being able to test the offspring's DNA against the complete genome of an auroch, which was successfully sequenced at University College Dublin. The animals get closer with each generation. Geneticists advised breeding certain species together to produce offspring closer to the qualities of an auroch, and then breed the offspring. To do this, Goderie chose a method known as back-breeding to create a substitute bovine he named "Tauros." This was possible because auroch genes remain present in various breeds of cattle around the continent, and the team identified descendants in Spain, Portugal, Italy and the Balkans. Researchers say that the aurochs' huge appetite for grazing provided a natural "gardening service" that maintained landscapes and created the conditions for other species to thrive. The most powerful herbivore in European history seemed to offer a solution as conservationists believe the loss of the keystone herbivore was tragic for biodiversity in Europe. This is being made possible by the Tauros program, a project launched in 2008 to address failing ecosystems. Records shows the last of the species died in Poland in 1627 - one of the first recorded cases of extinction.īut now, thanks to ecologist Ronald Goderie, a "near 100% substitute" of the beast is returning to the forests.
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Known as aurochs, these animals were the largest land mammals in Europe, until the rise of human civilization decimated their numbers. Described as “mighty beasts that stood almost as tall as elephants, with lean, powerful frames and fearsome horns,” the earliest form of cows did not look much like the cows of today.